What is a Q score in green coffee?

A Q score is a numerical quality rating out of 100 assigned to a green coffee by a licensed Q Grader using the SCA cupping protocol. It is the most widely used and internationally recognised quality metric in the specialty green coffee trade - appearing on offer sheets, export documentation, and roaster sourcing notes around the world.

Scores are calculated by summing the ratings across the ten SCA cupping attributes: fragrance/aroma, flavour, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, uniformity, clean cup, sweetness, and overall. Each attribute is scored out of 10 (or as present/absent for uniformity, clean cup, and sweetness), with defects deducted separately. A coffee scoring 80 or above qualifies as specialty grade; scores of 85+ indicate high-quality specialty coffee; 90+ is exceptional and commands significant premium.

For buyers evaluating green coffee, Q scores provide a useful starting reference but should always be verified by personal cupping. Different Q Graders calibrate slightly differently, scores can shift between tasting sessions, and a number cannot capture everything relevant about a coffee - processing method suitability, freshness, how it performs at a specific roast level, or how well it fits a particular market. The Q score is a door-opener, not a substitute for tasting.